Understanding Peripheral Artery Disease: Symptoms, Risks and Treatment

What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

Cyril Ruwende, MD: PAD refers to a condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the legs and lower extremities. This reduced blood flow can lead to pain, mobility issues, and in severe cases, tissue damage.

What are common symptoms of PAD?

Cyril Ruwende, MD: Pain, cramping or fatigue of the calves, thighs or buttocks that occurs when walking that is relieved by rest.

• Coolness in the lower leg or foot
• Poor nail or hair growth on the legs and feet
• Slow-healing or non-healing sores on the feet or toes
• In advanced cases, gangrene (tissue death) 

What are some causes of PAD?

Cyril Ruwende, MD: PAD is the buildup of plaque in the peripheral arteries leading to the stomach, head, arms and most commonly the legs. When the narrowing and blockage of arteries – or atherosclerosis – occurs, it decreases the blood flow and causes pain, difficulty walking and discoloration of the limbs. 

• Risk factors include:
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Aging
• Family history of vascular disease

Is PAD common? 

Cyril Ruwende, MD: Yes, PAD is relatively common, especially in older adults. Those at highest risk include:

Age: People over 50, especially over 65

Gender: Men are slightly more likely to develop PAD, but women may experience more severe symptoms

Race: African Americans have a higher risk of PAD and more severe outcomes

Medical history: Individuals with diabetes, heart disease or a history of smoking

How can I reduce my risk?

Cyril Ruwende, MD: You can lower your risk of developing PAD or improve your outcomes if diagnosed by:

• Quitting smoking
• Managing diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol
• Eating a heart-healthy diet
• Exercising regularly, especially walking
• Maintaining a healthy weight

What are my treatment options?

Cyril Ruwende, MD: For most people, lifestyle changes can help to slow or reverse PAD symptoms. Steps to quit smoking, regular physical activity and a healthy diet are a good start. Medications like blood thinners or blood pressure medicines may be prescribed based on your condition and other risk factors.

In severe cases of PAD, a minimally invasive treatment may be needed.  

When should I visit my doctor? 

Cyril Ruwende, MD: You should talk to your doctor if you:

• Experience leg pain, cramping, or fatigue when walking
• Notice wounds on your feet or legs that are slow to heal
• Have risk factors like smoking, diabetes, or high blood pressure
• Have cold or discolored feet or toes

Experiencing the symptoms of PAD? Start with a Trinity Health primary provider. 

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